Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal

Diplopia Revealing a Frontal Mucocele: A Case Report

Samatar Youssouf Ahmed — 2026-04-24

Mucoceles are benign, expansile pseudocystic lesions of the paranasal sinuses caused by sinus ostial obstruction and chronic inflammation. They are rare pathologies, mainly affecting adults, and are most commonly located in the fronto-ethmoidal sinus system. Mucoceles are characterized by clinical polymorphism, insidious onset, and slow progression, which explains why they are often discovered at the stage of ophthalmological complications. Diagnosis is clinical and radiological, and management is essentially surgical.

We report the case of a 65-year-old diabetic male with no previous ophthalmological history who presented with permanent diplopia lasting two weeks. Clinical examination revealed constant vertical binocular diplopia with limited mobility of the left eye, associated with homolateral non-pulsatile ptosis and exophthalmos, without inflammatory signs. The left eye was deviated downward and outward. The remainder of the ophthalmological examination was unremarkable. Diagnosis was established by orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which showed a left frontal sinus mucocele with orbital extension The patient underwent endoscopic marsupialization, with a favorable postoperative outcome outcome : complete visual recovery; exophthalmos and diplopia resolved, and oculopalpebral motility normalized by day 15.

This case highlights that persistent diplopia may be the presenting sign of a frontal sinus mucocele, underscoring the importance of early imaging for timely diagnosis and management.

In conclusion, paranasal sinus mucoceles are rare benign lesions that most often present with ophthalmological symptoms. Their severity lies in the risk of compression of vital adjacent structures. Diagnosis is based on clinical and radiological findings, and treatment is surgical.

Neurological-Onset Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease with Delayed Ocular Involvement: An Atypical Case with Favorable Outcome

Asmae Najah — 2026-05-23

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease is an uncommon systemic autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects young adults. Its diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical and paraclinical findings, but may be delayed because of atypical presentations. We report the case of a 26-year-old woman initially managed for idiopathic intracranial hypertension, in whom the subsequent development of bilateral granulomatous panuveitis associated with exudative retinal detachment led to the diagnosis of incomplete VKH disease. Early initiation of high-dose corticosteroid therapy combined with immunosuppressive treatment resulted in complete visual recovery. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis in improving visual prognosis and preventing progressive complications.

Potential Role of Ocular Demodex Infestation in Eyelid Eczema

Yesim Altay — 2026-04-16

Background: Eyelid eczema includes a heterogeneous group of inflammatory dermatologic conditions affecting the periocular region. Although these disorders often present with similar clinical features, their etiologies are distinct.

Aim: We aimed to establish demodex infestation as a cause of eye lid eczema.

Methodology: Patients diagnosed with eyelid eczema were enrolled in the study from April 2024 to December 2024. An age and gender matched control group was formed from healthy volunteers. Each patient had a detailed ophthalmic evaluation, and two lashes were removed from each eye, then eyelashes were examined directly under light microscopy for the presence of Demodex mites.

Results: A total of 58 patients with eyelid eczema and 46 healty controls were enrolled the study. Demographics were similar between groups. Demodex infestation was found more prevalent in patients with eyelid eczema compared to the control group (31% in the eczema group, 13% in the control group, p-value= 0.03 Participants with demodex infestation had a threefold higher likelihood of having eyelid eczema compared to the control group.

Conclusion: When evaluating eyelid eczema, Demodex infestation should not be overlooked.

Prevalence and Patterns of Ocular Injuries Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury at a Tertiary Hospital in Zambia

Angela Chibwe — 2026-04-17

Background: Ocular injuries are an under-recognized cause of vision loss, leading to blindness, disability, and significant socioeconomic burden, especially in resource-limited settings. They commonly occur alongside traumatic brain injury, but their incidence and patterns vary widely, and the relationship between ocular injuries and injury severity (such as Glasgow Coma Scale) remains unclear and insufficiently studied.

Aims: To assess the prevalence and patterns of ocular injuries among traumatic brain injury patients and relate them to the Glasgow Coma Scale.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: University Teaching Hospitals – Adult Hospital, from July 2024 to December 2024.

Methodology: A total of 129 traumatic brain injury patients were recruited into the study by means of consecutive sampling. A data collection tool was used to capture sociodemographic details, the patient’s history, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and ocular examination findings. Analysis of the data was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 28. Multiple logistical regression was used to determine predictor variables.

Results: The prevalence of ocular injuries among study participants with traumatic brain injury was found to be 58.14% (95% CI: [49.13% - 66.76%]). The eyelid was the most affected ocular structure in 67 participants (89.33%), followed by the conjunctiva 49 (65.33%). The occurrence of structural ocular findings and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations were associated with vision impairment (P < .001 and P = .006 respectively), and conjunctival injury and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations were associated with moderate to severe cases of traumatic brain injury (P = .024 and P = .015 respectively). Participants with scalp and/or facial haematoma (AOR = 4.50; 95% CI: [1.11–18.17], P = 0.035) and facial asymmetry (AOR = 12.11; 95% CI: [1.49–98.81], P = .02) were significantly more likely to sustain ocular injuries.

Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the burden of ocular injuries among traumatic brain injury patients and underscores the need for timely comprehensive ocular examinations in traumatic brain injury patients. This is to identify ocular injuries that have potential to cause disabilities like physical disfigurement or vision impairment.